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+ -   ๋ถ๋งˆํฌ ์ €์žฅ [๋ฏผ์‚ฌ] ์ƒ๊ณ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด

๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› 2008. 8. 21. ์„ ๊ณ  2007๋‹ค57527 ํŒ๊ฒฐ

[๋ณดํ—˜๊ธˆ][๊ณต2008ํ•˜,1277] ใ€ํŒ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ญใ€‘ [1] ์˜๊ตญ ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์•ฝ๊ด€์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ(Bankers Policy)์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด(General Conditions) ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ง์›์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„โ€™์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ [2] ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ง์›์ด ์ƒ์žฅ ์ฃผ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 71์ฐจ๋ก€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‹œ์„ธ์กฐ์ • ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ˆ˜ํƒ์„ ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์•ฝ๊ด€์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ(Bankers Policy)์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด(General Conditions) ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ง์›์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„โ€™์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ [3] ์˜๊ตญ ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์•ฝ๊ด€์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ(Bankers Policy)์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด(General Conditions) ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์ด ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋“ฑ์ด ์ง์›์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ โ€˜๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘โ€™์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€(์†Œ๊ทน) [4] ์˜๊ตญ ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์•ฝ๊ด€์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ(Bankers Policy)์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด(General Conditions) ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ƒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„ค๋ช… ์—†์ด๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ใ€ํŒ๊ฒฐ์š”์ง€ใ€‘
[1] ์˜๊ตญ ๋กœ์ด๋“œ(Lloyd)์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์•ฝ๊ด€(KFA 1981 Form)์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ(Bankers Policy)์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด(General Conditions) ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ง์›์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„โ€™์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” โ€˜์ง์›์ด ์ง„์‹ค์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์†์ด๋ ค๋Š” ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ง์›์ด ์žฅ๋ž˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ƒ ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์—ผ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ง•ํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถˆ์„ฑ์‹คํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„โ€™๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋˜, ๊ทธ ํ–‰์œ„ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ทธ ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์š”ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ •๋„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ฃผ์˜ ๋“ฑ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋œ๋‹ค. [2] ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ง์›์ด ์ƒ์žฅ ์ฃผ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 71์ฐจ๋ก€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‹œ์„ธ์กฐ์ • ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ˆ˜ํƒ์„ ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ ๋กœ์ด๋“œ(Lloyd)์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์•ฝ๊ด€(KFA 1981 Form)์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ(Bankers Policy)์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด(General Conditions) ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ง์›์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„โ€™์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€. [3] ์˜๊ตญ ๋กœ์ด๋“œ(Lloyd)์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์•ฝ๊ด€(KFA 1981 Form)์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ(Bankers Policy)์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด(General Conditions) ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ง์›์ด ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋“ฑ์ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ทจ์ง€๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ”, ์ด ๊ทœ์ •์€ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋“ฑ์ด โ€˜์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‹œ์ โ€™์ด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ , ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋“ฑ์ด โ€˜์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‹œ์ โ€™์ด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋‹นํ•ด ์ง์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋˜๊ณ , ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ „์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹นํ•ด ์ง์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์œ ํšจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„๋œ๋‹ค. [4] ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ(Bankers Policy)์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ๋กœ์ด๋“œ(Lloyd)์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์•ฝ๊ด€(KFA 1981 Form)์€ ๋ณดํ—˜์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ†ต์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ด€์ด๊ณ , ์œ„ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด(General Conditions) ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ƒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์„œ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„ค๋ช… ์—†์ด๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€. ใ€์ฐธ์กฐ์กฐ๋ฌธใ€‘ [1] ์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ œ5์กฐ, ๋ฏผ๋ฒ• ์ œ105์กฐ / [2] ์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ œ5์กฐ, ๋ฏผ๋ฒ• ์ œ105์กฐ / [3] ์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ œ5์กฐ, ๋ฏผ๋ฒ• ์ œ105์กฐ / [4] ์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ œ3์กฐ, ์ƒ๋ฒ• ์ œ638์กฐ์˜3 ์ œ1ํ•ญ ใ€์ฐธ์กฐํŒ๋ก€ใ€‘ [4] ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› 2004. 4. 27. ์„ ๊ณ  2003๋‹ค7302 ํŒ๊ฒฐ(๊ณต2004์ƒ, 875), ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› 2005. 8. 25. ์„ ๊ณ  2004๋‹ค18903 ํŒ๊ฒฐ(๊ณต2005ํ•˜, 1551) ใ€์ „ ๋ฌธใ€‘ ใ€์›๊ณ , ์ƒ๊ณ ์ธใ€‘ ๋Œ€์šฐ์ฆ๊ถŒ ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ (์†Œ์†ก๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ฒ•์ธ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ๋‹ด๋‹น๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ•ํšจ์„ ) ใ€ํ”ผ๊ณ , ํ”ผ์ƒ๊ณ ์ธใ€‘ ์‚ผ์„ฑํ™”์žฌํ•ด์ƒ๋ณดํ—˜ ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™ธ 6์ธ (์†Œ์†ก๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ฒ•์ธ ์„ธ๊ฒฝ ๋‹ด๋‹น๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๊น€์ฐฝ์ค€์™ธ 4์ธ) ใ€์›์‹ฌํŒ๊ฒฐใ€‘ ์„œ์šธ๊ณ ๋ฒ• 2007. 6. 28. ์„ ๊ณ  2006๋‚˜25822 ํŒ๊ฒฐ ใ€์ฃผ ๋ฌธใ€‘ ์ƒ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ณ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ใ€์ด ์œ ใ€‘ ์ƒ๊ณ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์ž์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ •์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•จ์ด ์—†์ด ํ‰๊ท ์  ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ยทํš์ผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ ์˜์„ฑ์‹ค์˜ ์›์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ๋œป์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค( ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› 1996. 6. 25. ์„ ๊ณ  96๋‹ค12009 ํŒ๊ฒฐ, ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› 2007. 2. 22. ์„ ๊ณ  2006๋‹ค72093 ํŒ๊ฒฐ ๋“ฑ ์ฐธ์กฐ). ์›์‹ฌ์€, ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ 2002. 4. 30. ํ”ผ๊ณ ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ 2002. 4. 30.๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2003. 4. 30.๊นŒ์ง€๋กœ, ์†Œ๊ธ‰๋‹ด๋ณด์ผ์ž(Retroactive Date)๋ฅผ 1994. 3. 30.๋กœ, ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ 15์–ต ์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณด์ƒํ•œ๋„์•ก์„ ๋ณดํ—˜์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋‹น 30์–ต ์›, ์ดํ•ฉ๊ณ„ 50์–ต ์›์œผ๋กœ, ๊ณต์ œ๊ธˆ์•ก(deductible)์„ ๋ณดํ—˜์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋‹น 5์–ต ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๊ตญ ๋กœ์ด๋“œ(Lloyd)์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์•ฝ๊ด€(KFA 1981 Form)์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ(Bankers Policy, ์ดํ•˜ โ€˜์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝโ€™์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค)์„ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด(General Conditions) ์ œ4์กฐ โ€˜ํ•ด์„, ๋ฒ•์ •์ง€ ์„ ํƒ, ์†ก๋‹ฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ(Interpretation; Forum Selection; Service of Process)โ€™๋Š” โ€œ์ด ์ฆ๊ถŒ์˜ ์šฉ์–ด, ๋ฉด์ฑ…, ์ œํ•œ๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ํ•ด์„, ์„ค๋ช… ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•๋ น๊ณผ ์ด ์ฆ๊ถŒ์— ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ ์›๋ฌธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹คโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๋‹ด๋ณด์กฐํ•ญ(Insuring clauses) ์ œ1์กฐ โ€˜์ง์›์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰(Fidelity)โ€™ ์ฒซ์งธ ์ ˆ์€ ํ”ผ๊ณ ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์†ํ•ด ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ โ€œํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํžˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ƒ ์ด๋“์„ ์–ป์„ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ์˜๋„๋กœ, ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด, ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ํ˜น์€ ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ชจํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ง์›์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์†ํ•ด, ์ง์›์˜ ์œ„ ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์†ํ•ด๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค(Loss resulting solely and directly from dishonest or fraudulent acts by Employees of the Assured Committed with the manifest intent to cause the Assured to sustain such loss or to obtain a financial gain for themselves wherever committed and whether committed alone or in collusion with others, including loss of Property through any such acts by Employees)โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์ œ12์กฐ โ€˜ํ•ด์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ข…๋ฃŒ(Cancellation or Termination)โ€™๋Š” โ€œ๋ณธ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ(๋ฐ ์ผ์ •ํ‘œ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„)์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋•Œ์— ๋‚จ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ™˜๊ธ‰ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค{This Policy (and the Policy Period stated in the Schedule) shall terminate with or without the tender of unearned premium}โ€๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์œ  ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ (ii)ํ˜ธ์—์„œ โ€œํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์›, ์ด์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž„์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ง์›์˜ ๋น„๋ฆฌํ–‰์œ„์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง์›์ด ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฑ„์šฉ๋œ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ „ํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„(๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์›์‹ฌํŒ์‹œ์˜ โ€˜ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„โ€™๋Š” โ€˜ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„โ€™์˜ ์˜ค์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค)๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‹œ์ (๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์›์‹ฌํŒ์‹œ์˜ โ€˜์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œโ€™์€ โ€˜์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ ์‹œ์ โ€™์˜ ์˜ค์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค)์—์„œ, ํ•ด๋‹น ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ง์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ‰์‹œ(Immediately as to any employee of the Assured, as soon as the Assured or any partner, director or officer thereof not in collusion with such Employee shall have knowledge or information that such Employee has committed any dishonest or fraudulent act in the service of the Assured or otherwise, whether such act be committed before or after the date of employment by the Assured)โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์†Œ์™ธ 1์€ ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ณธ์  ์˜์—…๋ถ€ ์ฃผ์‹์˜์—…ํŒ€์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์†Œ์™ธ 2๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ ํ”ผ์–ด๋ฆฌ์Šค(์ดํ•˜ โ€˜ํ”ผ์–ด๋ฆฌ์Šคโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค) ์ฃผ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์„ธ์กฐ์ข… ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ •๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ ํ˜์˜๋กœ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ๋…์›์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์— ๊ณ ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์†Œ์™ธ 2๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ”ผ์–ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฃผ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ˆ˜ํƒ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ๋…์›์€ ์†Œ์™ธ 1์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง„์ˆ  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ช…์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, 2001. 8. 30. ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์™ธ 1์ด 2000. 9. 6.๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด 10. 13.๊ฒฝ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ 71์ฐจ๋ก€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์†Œ์™ธ 2๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ”ผ์–ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฃผ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์‹œ์„ธ์กฐ์ข… ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ˆ˜ํƒ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์†Œ์™ธ 1์„ ๊ฐ๋ด‰์œผ๋กœ ์ง•๊ณ„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด์— ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” 2001. 9. 28. ์†Œ์™ธ 1์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„ ์‹œ์„ธ์กฐ์ข… ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ˆ˜ํƒ์„ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋ด‰ 1์›”์˜ ์ง•๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ถ„์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์†Œ์™ธ 1์€ ์†Œ์™ธ 3, 4 ๋“ฑ์ด 2002. 7. 2.๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฆ๊ถŒํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ง์› ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ์• ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋™์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€๋งค์ˆ˜์ฃผ๋ฌธ, ํ—ˆ์œ„๋งค์ˆ˜์ฃผ๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ธํƒ€์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹  ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ(์ดํ•˜ โ€˜๋ธํƒ€์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ โ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค)์˜ ์ฃผ์‹ ์‹œ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๋‹ดํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํˆฌ์‹ ์šด์šฉ ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ(์ดํ•˜ โ€˜ํ˜„๋Œ€ํˆฌ์‹ โ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค)์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ธํƒ€์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋งค์ˆ˜์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋“ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋“ฑ์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์ œ12์กฐ (โ…ฑ)ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ โ€˜ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋“ฑ์ด ์ง์›์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ทธ ์ง์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด๋ฏธ ๋น„ํ–‰ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง์›์€ ๋ณดํ—˜์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์€๋ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๋ณดํ—˜์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋‹น ๋ณด์ƒํ•œ๋„์•ก์ด ๊ณ ์•ก์ธ ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„ํ–‰ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ง์›์„ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž…๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์†ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ทจ์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ทจ์ง€์™€ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ง์›์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„โ€™์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋Š” โ€˜์ง์›์ด ์ง„์‹ค์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์†์ด๋ ค๋Š” ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ง์›์ด ์žฅ๋ž˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ƒ ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์—ผ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ง•ํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถˆ์„ฑ์‹คํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„โ€™๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋˜, ๊ทธ ํ–‰์œ„ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ทธ ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์š”ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ •๋„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ง๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ฃผ์˜ ๋“ฑ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด„์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฝ๊ด€์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ํ•ด์„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง์›์ธ ์†Œ์™ธ 1์ด ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ”ผ์–ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฃผ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ 71์ฐจ๋ก€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‹œ์„ธ์กฐ์ข… ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ˆ˜ํƒ์„ ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๋Š”, ์†Œ์™ธ 1์ด ์ง„์‹ค์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์†์ด๋ ค๋Š” ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์™ธ 1์ด ์žฅ๋ž˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ƒ ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์—ผ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ง•ํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์„ฑ์‹คํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ด๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ง์›์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„โ€™์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์†Œ์™ธ 1์˜ ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ โ€˜์ฆ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฒ•โ€™ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์›์‹ฌ์˜ ์ด์œ ์„ค์‹œ์— ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜๋‚˜, ์†Œ์™ธ 1์˜ ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ง์›์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„โ€™์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ์ •๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. ์›์‹ฌํŒ๊ฒฐ์—๋Š” ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ณ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณดํ—˜์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ํ•ด์„, โ€˜์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ โ€™ ์ œ5์กฐ ์ œ1ํ•ญ, โ€˜์ฆ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฒ•โ€™ ์ œ188์กฐ์˜4 ์ œ2ํ•ญ ์ œ1ํ˜ธ, โ€˜์ฆ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ นโ€™ ์ œ36์กฐ์˜3 ์ œ5ํ˜ธ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์œ„๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋‹ค. 2. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์›์‹ฌ์ด ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 2001. 9. 28. ์†Œ์™ธ 1์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„ ํ”ผ์–ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฃผ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹œ์„ธ์กฐ์ข… ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ˆ˜ํƒ์„ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋ด‰ 1์›”์˜ ์ง•๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ถ„์„ ํ•  ๋‹น์‹œ ์†Œ์™ธ 1์ด โ€˜๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„โ€™์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์„ธ์กฐ์ข… ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ˆ˜ํƒ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ„ ์ง•๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์  ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ทจ์ง€๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. ์›์‹ฌํŒ๊ฒฐ์—๋Š” ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ณ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณดํ—˜์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ โ€˜์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ โ€™ ์ œ5์กฐ ์ œ1ํ•ญ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ์˜คํ•ด ๋“ฑ์˜ ์œ„๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋‹ค. 3. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ž์„œ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์ œ12์กฐ (โ…ฑ)ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ง์›์ด ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋“ฑ์ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ(์ดํ•˜ โ€˜์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•œโ€™์„ โ€˜์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œโ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค) ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ทจ์ง€๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ(Immediately as to any employee โ€ฆโ€ฆ, as soon as the Assured โ€ฆโ€ฆ shall have knowledge or information that such Employee has committed any dishonest or fraudulent act in the service of the Assured or otherwise, whether such act be committed before or after the date of employmentโ€ฆโ€ฆ) ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋“ฑ์ด โ€˜์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‹œ์ โ€™์ด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ , ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋“ฑ์ด ์ง์›์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰์„ โ€˜๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์‹œ ํ›„โ€™์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋“ฑ์ด ์ง์›์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰์„ โ€˜๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „โ€™์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„ํ–‰ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง์›์€ ๋ณดํ—˜์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋ณด ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ์‹œํ‚ฌ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ , ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๊ธฐ์ค€์ฆ๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ธ 2002. 4. 30.๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2003. 4. 30.๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์†Œ๊ธ‰๋‹ด๋ณด์ผ์ž์ธ 1994. 3. 30. ์ดํ›„์— ์ง์›์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋„ ๋ถ€๋ณด ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ–‰์œ„์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ง์›์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋“ฑ์ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง์›์„ ๋ถ€๋ณด ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ , ๋งŒ์ผ ์ด์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ ๊ฐฑ์‹  ์ „์— ์ง์›์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‹œ์ ์ด ๊ฐฑ์‹ ๋œ ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ง์›์ด ๊ฐฑ์‹ ๋œ ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ณด ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์  ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ •์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์ œ12์กฐ (โ…ฑ)ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋“ฑ์ด โ€˜์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‹œ์ โ€™์ด ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์ œ12์กฐ (โ…ฑ)ํ˜ธ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”, ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž ๋“ฑ์ด โ€˜์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‹œ์ โ€™์ด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋‹นํ•ด ์ง์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ „์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹นํ•ด ์ง์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์œ ํšจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•ด์„๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ์ทจ์ง€์—์„œ ์›์‹ฌ์ด ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์™ธ 1์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „์— ์•ˆ ์ด์ƒ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์ œ12์กฐ (โ…ฑ)ํ˜ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์€ ์†Œ์™ธ 1์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ํšจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. ์›์‹ฌํŒ๊ฒฐ์—๋Š” ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ณ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณดํ—˜์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ํ•ด์„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ์˜คํ•ด ๋“ฑ์˜ ์œ„๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋‹ค. 4. ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ๋ช…์‹œยท์„ค๋ช…์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋””๊นŒ์ง€๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์•ฝ๊ด€์— ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ์ง„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ด์ต์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์•ฝ๊ด€์— ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ์ง„ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ƒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„ค๋ช… ์—†์ด๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค( ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› 2001. 7. 27. ์„ ๊ณ  99๋‹ค55533 ํŒ๊ฒฐ, ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› 2004. 4. 27. ์„ ๊ณ  2003๋‹ค7302 ํŒ๊ฒฐ ๋“ฑ ์ฐธ์กฐ). ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง์›์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์†ํ•ด ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง์›์˜ ๋ถˆ์„ฑ์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณดํ—˜์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ขŒ์šฐ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณดํ—˜์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ณด์ƒํ•œ๋„์•ก์ด ๊ณ ์•ก์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง์›์ด ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง์›์„ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ณด ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ฌ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ”, ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„, ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 8๋…„ ๋‚จ์ง“ ์ „์ธ 1994. 3. 30. ์ดํ›„ ์ง์›์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋„ ๋ถ€๋ณด ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ–‰์œ„์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์†Œ๊ธ‰๋‹ด๋ณด์ฆ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ—˜์ธ ์  ๋“ฑ์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋„ ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง์›์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง์›์€ ๋ถ€๋ณด ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •๋„๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ , ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ๋กœ์ด๋“œ(Lloyd)์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์•ฝ๊ด€(KFA 1981 Form)์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์›์ˆ˜๋ณดํ—˜ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ณดํ—˜ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ณดํ—˜ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•ด์™ธ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฌ์žฌ๋ณดํ—˜ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ์žฌ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋ณดํ—˜์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ†ต์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ด€์ธ ์ ( ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› 2005. 8. 25. ์„ ๊ณ  2004๋‹ค18903 ํŒ๊ฒฐ ์ฐธ์กฐ) ๋“ฑ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ƒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์„œ ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„ค๋ช… ์—†์ด๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ”ผ๊ณ ๋“ค์ด ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์›์‹ฌ์˜ ์ด์œ ์„ค์‹œ์— ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜๋‚˜, ํ”ผ๊ณ ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ โ€˜์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ โ€™ ์ œ3์กฐ ์†Œ์ •์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ์ •๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. ์›์‹ฌํŒ๊ฒฐ์—๋Š” ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ณ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด โ€˜์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ โ€™ ์ œ3์กฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์œ„๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋‹ค. 5. ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์ œ12์กฐ (ii)ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ โ€˜ ์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ โ€™ ์ œ6์กฐ์— ์œ„๋ฐ˜๋˜์–ด ๋ฌดํšจ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ณ ์ด์œ ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ์ƒ๊ณ ์‹ฌ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ณ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ •์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์œ„ ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์œ  ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์กฐํ•ญ์ด๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ ์˜์„ฑ์‹ค์˜ ์›์น™์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์ •์„ ์žƒ์€ ๋ฌดํšจ์˜ ์กฐํ•ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ฃผ์žฅ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. 6. ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„œ์˜ ์ด์œ ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ด ์ •๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ, ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ( ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ์†Œ์†ก๋ฒ• ์ œ208์กฐ), ๋น„๋ก ํŒ๊ฒฐ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ยท์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ์ด์œ ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ทจ์ง€์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์ฒ™ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ผ๋ฉด ํŒ๋‹จ๋ˆ„๋ฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ค๋ น ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ฒ™๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž„์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ํŒ๊ฒฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†์–ด ํŒŒ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์œ ๋กœ ์‚ผ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค( ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› 1969. 6. 10. ์„ ๊ณ  68๋‹ค1859 ํŒ๊ฒฐ ๋“ฑ ์ฐธ์กฐ). ์•ž์„œ ๋ณธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์›์‹ฌ์ด ์†Œ์™ธ 1์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์œ ํšจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ ์ด์ƒ, ์†Œ์™ธ 1์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€ํˆฌ์‹  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ณ„์ขŒ๊ฐœ์„ค์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ๋ฅผ ์œ„์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์ˆ˜์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–‰์œ„ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์†ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๋‹ด๋ณด์กฐํ•ญ ์ œ4์กฐ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์†Œ์™ธ 1์˜ ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ํ•œ ์›๊ณ ์˜ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธˆ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ฒ™๋  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Œ์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์„ค๋ น ์›์‹ฌ์ด ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๋‹ด๋ณด์กฐํ•ญ ์ œ4์กฐ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒ๊ณ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์œ„๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. 7. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ๊ณ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ํŒจ์†Œ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•๊ด€์˜ ์ผ์น˜๋œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŒ๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ฒ•๊ด€ ์ฐจํ•œ์„ฑ(์žฌํŒ์žฅ) ๊ณ ํ˜„์ฒ  ๊น€์ง€ํ˜•(์ฃผ์‹ฌ) ์ „์ˆ˜์•ˆ

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