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์„œ์šธ์ค‘์•™์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์› 2022. 5. 11. ์„ ๊ณ  2020๋‚˜26422 ํŒ๊ฒฐ

[๊ตฌ์ƒ๊ธˆ][๋ฏธ๊ฐ„ํ–‰] ใ€์ „ ๋ฌธใ€‘ ใ€์›๊ณ , ํ”ผํ•ญ์†Œ์ธใ€‘ ์‚ฌ๋‹จ๋ฒ•์ธ โ—‹โ—‹โ—‹ (์†Œ์†ก๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ•์„ฑ์› ์™ธ 1์ธ) ใ€ํ”ผ๊ณ , ํ•ญ์†Œ์ธใ€‘ โ–ณโ–ณโ–ณ ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ (์†Œ์†ก๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ฒ•์ธ (์œ ํ•œ) ์„ธ์ข… ๋‹ด๋‹น๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๊น€๊ฒฝ์•  ์™ธ 2์ธ) ใ€๋ณ€๋ก ์ข…๊ฒฐใ€‘ 2022. 3. 30. ใ€์ œ1์‹ฌํŒ๊ฒฐใ€‘ ์„œ์šธ์ค‘์•™์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์› 2020. 3. 24. ์„ ๊ณ  2018๊ฐ€๋‹จ5037423 ํŒ๊ฒฐ ใ€์ฃผ ๋ฌธใ€‘ 1. ์ œ1์‹ฌํŒ๊ฒฐ ์ค‘ ํ”ผ๊ณ  ํŒจ์†Œ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ทจ์†Œ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ์†Œ์†ก ์ด๋น„์šฉ์€ ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ใ€์ฒญ๊ตฌ์ทจ์ง€ ๋ฐ ํ•ญ์†Œ์ทจ์ง€ใ€‘ 1. ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์ทจ์ง€ ํ”ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์›๊ณ ์—๊ฒŒ 421,224,540์› ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 84,541,545์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” 2017. 10. 16.๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, 210,612,270์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” 2018. 1. 22.๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, 126,070,725์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” 2018. 4. 12.๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ ์ œ1์‹ฌํŒ๊ฒฐ ์„ ๊ณ ์ผ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฐ 5%์˜, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค ๊ฐš๋Š” ๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฐ 15%์˜ ๊ฐ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ผ. 2. ํ•ญ์†Œ์ทจ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ์ œ1ํ•ญ ๊ธฐ์žฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ใ€์ด ์œ ใ€‘ 1. ์ธ์ •์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ๋ฒ•์›์ด ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์‹œํ•  ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ œ1์‹ฌํŒ๊ฒฐ์˜ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ธฐ์žฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ์†Œ์†ก๋ฒ• ์ œ420์กฐ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ ๊ฐ€. ์›๊ณ  ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์†์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์šด์†ก๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์˜ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”๋ฌผ๋ณด๊ด€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ง€์นจ ๋ฐ ์šด์†ก์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์˜์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ํ”ผ๊ณ  ๋˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณ ์˜ ํ”ผ์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์†์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ƒํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์ธ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ(๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ, ์ดํ•˜ โ€˜๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญโ€™์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค)์— ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์›๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฒ• ์ œ682์กฐ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ์ด ํ”ผ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์„ ๋Œ€์œ„์ทจ๋“ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚˜. ํ”ผ๊ณ  1) ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ• ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฃผ์žฅ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์˜๊ตญ๋ฒ•์ด๊ณ , ์˜๊ตญ ํ•ด์ƒ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฒ•์ƒ ์ ํ•˜๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ๋ช…์˜๋กœ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ œ3์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. 2) ํ”ผ๊ณ ์˜ ์šด์†ก๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ ์†Œ์™ธ 4 ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๊ณตํƒ„์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์†์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ํ”ผ๊ณ ์˜ ์šด์†ก๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์†์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3) ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฃผ์žฅ ์†Œ์™ธ 4 ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณ ์˜ ์ด์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž, ํ”ผ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์†Œ์™ธ 4 ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ•์ธ์ธ ํ”ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 4) ์†Œ๋ฉธ์‹œํšจ ์™„์„ฑ ํ•ญ๋ณ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ์œก์ƒ์šด์†ก์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฒ• ์ œ147์กฐ ๋ฐ ์ œ121์กฐ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฉธ์‹œํšจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(์šด์†ก๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜๋ น์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1๋…„)์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฉธ์‹œํšจ๋Š” ๋Šฆ์–ด๋„ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด 2์ฐจ๋ถ„ ๊ณตํƒ„์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋„๋œ 2017. 1. 17.๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1๋…„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๊ฒ€์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ 2017. 5. 20.๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 3๋…„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5) ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ ์ƒ๋‹น์˜ ์†ํ•ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฃผ์žฅ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๊ณตํƒ„์ฒด์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋น„์šฉ ์ค‘ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ์ด ๊ณต์ œ๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์†ํ•ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ณต์ œ๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์ด ํ”ผํ•ด์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ๋Š” ์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์— ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ ์ƒ๋‹น์•ก์€ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์˜ ์†ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ ๊ฐ€. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์›์น™ ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ œ25์กฐ ์ œ1ํ•ญ ๋ฐ ์ œ2ํ•ญ์€, โ€œ๊ณ„์•ฝ์€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์‹œ์  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌต์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€, โ€œ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ œ35์กฐ์—์„œ๋Š” โ€œ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ์ด์ „์€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ „์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ ๊ตฌ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž์™€ ์‹ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ด์ „๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์— ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜. ๋ณดํ—˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ• 1) ๊ฐ‘ ์ œ1, 18ํ˜ธ์ฆ(๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฒˆํ˜ธ ํฌํ•จ)์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์žฌ์— ๋ณ€๋ก  ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ทจ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ์›๊ณ ์™€ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ ์‚ฌ์ด์— 2015. 7. 24. ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๋‹ด๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด์„ โ€˜๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ๋ณดํ—˜์žํ˜‘ํšŒ ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ด€ ICC(A) / ICC(AIR)โ€™๋กœ ์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋Ÿฐ๋˜๋ณดํ—˜์ž ํ˜‘ํšŒ ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ด€[Institute Cargo Clauses (A)] ์ œ19์กฐ๋Š” โ€œ์ด ๋ณดํ—˜์€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ด€์Šต์— ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค(This insurance is subject to English law and practice)โ€๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„ ์ธ์ •์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ๋ฒ•(English law and practice)์„ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ตญ๋ฒ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์ธ ์›๊ณ ์—๊ฒŒ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ท€์†์‹œํ‚ฌ์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์ธ ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ œ3์ž์ธ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๋Œ€์œ„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์ธ ์˜๊ตญ๋ฒ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด„์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. 2) ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์›๊ณ ๋Š”, โ‘  ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธˆ์˜ ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ œ3์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ทจ๋“๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„, ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ ์ œ3์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ๋ฒ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, โ‘ก ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌํ–‰์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ฒ•์ •์ง€๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋‚˜, ์œ„ 1)ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•œ์ • ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ ์ฃผ1) , ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ œ3์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์„ ๋Œ€์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์™€์˜ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ด€๊ณ„, ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๋Œ€์œ„์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฒ•์ •์ง€๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 3) ๋˜ํ•œ ์›๊ณ ๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณ ์˜ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ• ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์‹ค๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐํ•˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋‚˜, ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์ง๊ถŒ์กฐ์‚ฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์†ก์˜ ์™„๊ฒฐ์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. 4. ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๋Œ€์œ„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ ๊ฐ€. ์˜๊ตญ ํ•ด์ƒ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋Œ€์œ„ ์„ ์ œ2, 3, 5, 8 ๋‚ด์ง€ 13ํ˜ธ์ฆ์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์žฌ์— ๋ณ€๋ก  ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ทจ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์ธ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ด์ƒ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฒ•(Marin Insurance Act) ์ค‘ ๋Œ€์œ„๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ œ79์กฐ ์ œ1ํ•ญ์€ โ€œ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ—˜๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์†๋ณดํ—˜๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋ถ„์  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์†๋ณดํ—˜๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ—˜๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์ž”์กด๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์Šน๊ณ„ํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๋Š” ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ—˜๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณดํ—˜๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ตฌ์ œ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€์œ„ํ•œ๋‹ค์ฃผ2) .โ€๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ œ79์กฐ ์ œ2ํ•ญ์€ โ€œ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์†(a partial loss)์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๋Š” ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž”์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ณดํ—˜๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‚˜, ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐ›์„ ํ•œ๋„๋‚ด์—์„œ ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋˜ ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ผ์ฒด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ตฌ์ œ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€์œ„ํ•œ๋‹ค์ฃผ3) โ€๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์˜๊ตญ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์œ„๊ถŒ์— ๊ธฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ , ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ด์ต์„ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐ›์€ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๋Š” ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ถŒํ•œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์†ก์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ˜‘์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹คํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋  ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค.์ฃผ4) ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๋ฒ•(Law of Property Act 1925) ์ œ136์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์†Œ๊ถŒ์„ ์–‘๋„๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ๊ถŒ์˜ ์–‘๋„๋Š” ์„œ๋ฉด์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์ธ ์„œ๋ฉดํ†ต์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–‘๋„๋Š” ํ†ต์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์ง„ ๋‚ ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ํšจํ•  ๋ฟ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜. ํŒ๋‹จ 1) ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋Š”, ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ•์ž„์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ฒ• ์ œ682์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ์ด ํ”ผ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์˜๊ตญ๋ฒ•์ธ ์ ์€ ์œ„ 3ํ•ญ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , ์˜๊ตญ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์†Œ๊ถŒ์„ ์–‘๋„๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์ œ์— ์„  ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. 2) ๊ฐ€) ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์›๊ณ ๋Š”, ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ์ด ํ”ผ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์„ ์–‘๋„๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ทจ์ง€์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋งˆ์น˜ ์˜๊ตญ๋ฒ•์ƒ ์†Œ๊ถŒ์˜ ์–‘๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๊ตญ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋Œ€์œ„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ทจ์ง€์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜) ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ‘ ์ œ31ํ˜ธ์ฆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์žฌ, ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์— ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ถœํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, 2018. 4. 12. ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ์ด ์›๊ณ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์œ„์ฆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ต๋ถ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ์ด ํ”ผ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์„ ์–‘๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋‹ค) ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ‘ ์ œ31ํ˜ธ์ฆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์žฌ, ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์— ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ถœํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์ธ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ„ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์†Œ๊ถŒ์„ ์–‘๋„๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ˜•ํ‰๋ฒ•์ƒ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ์†Œ๊ถŒ์„ ์–‘๋„๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. 3) ์›๊ณ ๋Š”, ์˜๊ตญ ํ•ด์ƒ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์ธ ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์ธ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ ๋ช…์˜๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ œ10์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜๊ตญ ํ•ด์ƒ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋Œ€์œ„์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ, ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ •๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ํ•ด์ƒ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ทœ์ •์ด โ€˜๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์˜ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ํ’์† ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์งˆ์„œ์— ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ์œ„๋ฐ˜โ€™๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์›๊ณ ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ƒ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์ธ ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์ธ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ์˜ ๋ช…์˜๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ƒ ์ ์‘ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์กฐ์ •์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋‚˜, ์›๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์‹ค์ •๋ฒ•์ƒ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. 4) ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์ธ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ์˜ ์†Œ๊ถŒ์„ ์–‘๋„๋ฐ›์•„ ์˜๊ตญ ํ•ด์ƒ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋Œ€์œ„์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์—†์–ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ”, ์ œ1์‹ฌํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ ์ด์™€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ํ”ผ๊ณ ์˜ ํ•ญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ ์ œ1์‹ฌํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŒ์‚ฌ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์ฒ (์žฌํŒ์žฅ) ์†กํšจ์„ญ ๊ฐ•์ง€ํ˜„ ์ฃผ1) ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› 2015. 5. 28. ์„ ๊ณ  2012๋‹ค78184 ํŒ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์˜ ์ ํ•˜๋ณดํ—˜๊ณ„์•ฝ์—๋Š”, โ€œ์ด ๋ณดํ—˜์€ ์ผ์ฒด์˜ ์ „๋ณด์ฒญ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ด€์Šต์— ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค(this insurance is understood and agreed to be subject to English law and practice only as to liability for and settlement of any and all claims)โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์šด์†ก๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ํŽธ์ž…๋œ ICC(A) 19์กฐ์™€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ฃผ2) Where the insurer pays for a total loss, either of the whole, or in the case of goods of any apportionable part, of the subject-matter insured, he thereupon becomes entitled to take over the interest of the assured in whatever may remain of the subject-matter so paid for, and he is thereby subrogated to all the rights and remedies of the assured in and in respect of that subject-matter as from the time of the casualty causing the loss. ์ฃผ3) Subject to the foregoing provisions, where the insurer pays for a partial loss, he acquires no title to the subject-matter insured, or such part of it as may remain, but he is thereupon subrogated to all rights and remedies of the assured in and in respect of the subject-matter insured as from the time of the casualty causing the loss, in so far as the assured has been indemnified, according to this Act, by such payment for the loss. ์ฃผ4) ์˜๊ตญ๋ฒ•์€ ๋Œ€์œ„(subrogation)๊ณผ ์–‘๋„(assignment)๋ฅผ ์ค€๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๋Œ€์œ„์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ๋ช…์˜๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณดํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „์†๋ณดํ—˜๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

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